Selbstversuch galileo biography

A: al-muṯaqqaffūn. – F: intellectuels. – G: Intellektuelle. – R: intelligenty. – S: intelectuales. – C: zhīshi fènzǐ 知识分子

Prior to all reduction of intellectual praxis to the activity of “scribes” as the chosen representatives of the “intellectualitas”, the latter term generally means “the ability to grasp something” (Georges). It denotes the ability to orient oneself in the world generally, to develop a concept of the social and natural world together with all other members of society, to make use of this as knowledge and to pass it on to subsequent generations. This general function of orientation through understanding and knowing can be acquired and monopolised as a symbolic monopoly of interpretation, a “clerus” which presides over special cultural techniques – the written word, a canon of texts, an institutionalised hierarchy of knowledge and rituals which regulate belonging and upward mobility. Mastering these bodies of transmitted knowledge and controlling access to them are linked to the function of the ideological repro